G.K SIDE

SOME IMPORTANT G.K

QUE 1  : Who is the  first president of indian republic ?

ANS      :  Dr Rajendra prasad.

QUE 2  :  Who is the first prime minister of free india ?

ANS      : Pt Jawahar lal nehru.

QUE 3  : Who is the first lady in india to become "miss world" ?

ANS      : Rita Faria.

QUE 4 :  Who is the first woman governor of a state in free india ?

ANS     : Mrs. Sarojini naidu.

QUE 5 : Who is the first woman prime minister in india ? 

ANS     : Mrs. Indira Gandhi.

QUE 6 : Who is the first woman to receive janipath award  in india ?

ANS     :  Ashapurna devi.

QUE 7 : Who is first woman to receive Bharat Ratna in india  ?

ANS     : Mrs Indira Gandhi.

QUE 8 : Who is the first woman to receive nobel prize in india ?

ANS     : Mother Teresa.

QUE 9 : Who is the first woman to cross English Channel in india ?

ANS     : Arati saha.

QUE10 :Who is the first woman I.P.S officer in india ?

ANS      : Mrs Kiran Bedi.

QUE11 : Who is the first Chinese traveller to visit india ?

ANS      : Fahein.

QUE12 : Who is the first chief justice of supreme court in india ?

ANS     : Justice Hiralal J.Kania.

QUE13 : Who is the first person to receive nobel prize in economics ?

ANS      : Amartya sen.

QUE14 ; Who is the first indian to get nobel prize in physics ?

ANS      : C.V Raman.

QUE15 ; Who is the first indian to cross english channel ?

ANS      : Mihir Sen.

QUE16 : Who is the first education minister in india ?

ANS      : Abul Kalam Azad.

QUE 17 :Who is the first president of indian national congress ?

ANS       :W.C Banerjee.

QUE18  : Who is the first indian to win nobel prize ?

ANS       : Rabindranath Tagore.

QUE20 : Who is the first person of indian origin to receive nobel prize in medicine ?

ANS      : Hargovind Khurana.

QUE21 : Who is the first vice-president of india ?

ANS      : DR. Radhakrishan.

QUE22 : Who wrote the famous book ,Agni Veena ?

ANS      : Qazi Nazrul Islam.

QUE23 : Which Indian port has an artificial Harbour ?

ANS      : Chennai.

QUE24 : What is the study of tumors called ?

ANS      : Oncology.

QUE25: Where in india is keenan stadium located ?

ANS      : Jamshedpur .

QUE26: Who founded the maurya dynasty in india with the help of Kautilya ?

ANS      : Chandragrupta Maurya.

QUE27: With which sport/game is wellington trophy associated ?

ANS     : Rowing.

QUE28: Which article of  the indian constitution has provided for an election commission in india ?

ANS     :Article 324.

QUE29: Crypto sporidiesis is cause by what ?

ANS      : Protoza.

QUE30: What is the full form of BOD ?

ANS     : Biological Oxygen Demand.

QUE31 :What is the name of the process of nitrate formulation ?

ANS      : Nitrification.

QUE32: What is the principal metal pollutant from automobile exhast ?

ANS      :  Lead.

QUE33: In early ancient india, the largest urban centre was?

ANS      ; Patliputra.

QUE34 : Which state in india is the smallest in area ?

ANS      : Goa.

QUE35 : The oldest hindu epic is ?

ANS      : Mahabharat.

QUE36  : Who said RAM & RAHIM are the two different names of the same god ?

ANS      :  Kabir.

QUE37  : What is the measured by chronometer ?

ANS      :Time.

QUE38  :  India cancer Research Institute is located at ?

ANS      :  Mumbai.

QUE39  :  Are nanometers and micrometers larger or smaller than centimeters ?

ANS      : Smaller.

QUE40  :  The largest dam in india is ?

ANS      :  Kosi dam.

QUE41  :  India's first sucessful surface-to-surface missle is ?

ANS      :  Prithvi.

QUE42  :  The bhakti movement was first organised by ?

ANS      :  Ramanuja.

QUE43  : The term "LET " is associated with the game of  ?

ANS      :  Badminton.
QUE44  : Which state is the leading producer of red chillies ?
ANS      : Andra pradesh.
QUE45  : Zero is invented by ?
ANS      : Aryabhatta.
QUE46  : Radiant heat from the sun results from ?
ANS      :  Nuclear fission.
QUE47  : Indira Gandhi Centre for atomic research is located at ?
ANS      :  Kalpakkam.
QUE48 : Where is the indian military academy located ?
ANS     : Dehradun.
QUE49 : The famous rock garden is located in which city ?
ANS     : Chandigarh.
QUE50 : On which river is Rome situated ?
ANS     : Tiber.
QUE51 : Tripitaks are the sacred books of ?
ANS     : Buddhism.
QUE52 : Name of two planet lying between sun and earth ?
ANS     : Jupiter and Saturn.
QUE53 : The highest lake in the world is ?
ANS     : Titicaca lake.
QUE54 : The largest island in the world is ?
ANS     : Greenland.
QUE55 : Buland Darwaza is situated in ?
ANS     : Fatehpur Sikri.
QUE56 : Who considered to be the first citizen of the country ?
ANS     ; Tamil nadu.
QUE57 : Who invented Radium ?
ANS     : Madame Curie.
QUE58 : TEE is associated with the game of ?
ANS     : Golf.
QUE59 : Which of the ports of india is the main outlet for tea export ?
ANS     : Kolkata .
QUE60 : GREEN REVOLUTION in india was first introduced in wheat producing areas of ?
ANS     : Punjab.    

QUE61 : Who is know as the "Lion of the punjab".
ANS     : Lala lajpat rai.
QUE62 : Pulitzer prizes are awarded to american for excellence in
ANS      : Journalism.
QUE63  ; Michael Ferreira has distingushied himself in ?
ANS      : Billiards.
QUE64  : The capital city of Belgium is ?
ANS      : Brussels.

QUE65  : Nusrat Fateh ali khan was well know as a :
ANS       : Singer.
QUE66   : The sarvodaya movement was started by :
ANS       : Vinoba Bhave.

QUE67   :  In which state are the Aravalli range located ?
ANS       : Rajasthan.
QUE68   :Who was the founder of east india railway company ?
ANS       : R.M Stephenson.
QUE69    : Dermatology is the study of--
ANS        :Skin and its diseases.
QUE70    : The largest copper producing country in the world is ?
ANS        : Chile.
QUE71    : Who is the first woman to scale M.t Everest twice ?
ANS        : Cathy O Dowd.
QUE72    : Who is the author of book "Life of pi "?
ANS        : Yan Martel.
QUE73    ; The atmospheric layer which reflects radiowaves is called ?
ANS        : Inosphere.
QUE74    : The largest producer of tea in the world is -
ANS        : India.
QUE75    : The ghadar party in USA was formed by -
ANS        : Lala hardayal .
QUE76    : Shivaji was coronated at -
ANS        : Raigarh.
QUE77    :The largest producer of rubber in india is ;
ANS        : Kerala.
QUE78    : When was the first train started ?
ANS        ; 1825.
QUE79    : When was the indian railways get started ?
ANS        : 16 April, 1853.
QUE80    : How many railways stations are there in our country ?
ANS        : 6843.
QUE81    : Who invented the steam engine ?
ANS        : George Stephensen.
QUE82    : What was the name of worlds first railway engine ?
ANS        : Locomotion.
QUE83    : Where Rail coach factory is located in the Tamilnadu ?
ANS        : Perambur.
QUE84    : What is the percentage of population involved in agricultural work ?
ANS        : 60%.
QUE85    : On which river Farakka barage project is situated ?
ANS         : Ganga.
QUE86     : Where is the oldest oil refinery of india ?
ANS         : Digboi.
QUE87     : Where are the headquarters of North-Eastern railway ?
ANS         : Gorakphur.
QUE88     : To which group does the black cotton soil of india belong ?
ANS         :  Chernozen.
QUE89     : The ordinance issued by the governor are subject to approval by -
ANS         : The state Legislature .
QUE90     : What is the new name of Rhodesia ?
ANS         : Zimbabwe.
QUE91     : Which body inaugurated World Teacher Day ?
ANS         : UNESCO.
QUE92     : Who created the Olympic flag ?
ANS         : Pierre De Coubertin.
QUE93     : What is the currency of Hungry ?
ANS         : Forint.
QUE94     : Bleaching Powder is made from -
ANS          : Lime and Chlorine.
QUE95      : Who wrote the book Pax Indica ?
ANS          : Sashi Tharoor.
QUE96      : Micheal Phelps is a Swimmer of -
ANS          : U.S.A.
QUE97      : The best flim in Oscar award winner of 2012 is -
ANS          : The Artist.
QUE98      : Who is the highest law officer of a state ?
ANS          : Advocate General.
QUE99.     : Oxygens and Ozone are -
ANS          : Allotropes.
QUE100    : The Equater is -
ANS          : 180 degree langitude.

Our solar system

 Basic concept of solar system.
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM : Our solar system consist of a star (sun), eight planes, Dwarf planets and countless fragments of left-overs called asteroids ,meteors, comets and satellites of the planets called small solar system bodies.

Origin of solar system  : Various theories have been given by different persons to explain the origin of solar system.  Gaseous hypothesis ----  Kant, Nebular hypothesis of ---  Laplace,

Planetesimal hypothesis ---  Chamberlin & Moulton,Tidal hypothesis ---  James jeans & Harold Jaffery, Binary star hypothesis --- H.N Russel, Fission hypothesis --- Ross Gun,Cepheid hypothesis --- A.C Banerji, Nova hypothesis --- Hoyle & Lyttleton, Electromagnetic hypothesis --- H.Alfven,Intersteller dust hypothesis --- Schmidt,Nebular cloud hypothesis --- Dr. Van Weizsacker, Protoplanet hypothesis--- G. kuiper ,                                                                        

The moon

Basic concept of  moon

 MOON : The moon is the only natural satellite of the earth ,and the fifth largest satellite in the solar system.It is the largest natural satellite of a planet in the solar system relative to the size  of its primary, having a quarter the diameter of earth and 1/81 its mass.Moon is the second largest satellite after Io, a satellite of jupiter .circumference of moon is 11,000 km.,diameter is 3475km ,gravitational pull is 1/6th of earth. Its orbit around earth is elliptical.The maximum distance of the moon from the earth is 406,000 km and the minimum distance is 364,000 km.The average distance is 3,82,200 km.takes 27 days,7 hours, 43 min and 11.47 sec to complete one revolution around earth.Rotates on its axis in exactly the same time as it takes to complete one revolution.That is why we see only one side of the moon.To our unaided vision, moon seems to be made-up of bright and dak patches.The bright parts are the mountains and highlands,while the darker patches are low-lying planes.The highest mountains, which are 10,660 m high.They are situated at moon's south pole.Moon has no atmosphere, no twilight and no sound . Moonlight takes 1.3 sec to reach earth .It has low albedo .It reflects only 7% and the rest is absorbed. NEIL AMSTRONG and BUZZ ALDRIN reached moon on july 21, 1969 .The moon is the only celestial body other  than earth on which humans have set foot.While the union's luna programme was the first to reach the moon with  unmanned space craft in 1959, the united states nasa apolo program achieved the only manned mission to date ,begining with the first manned lunar orbiting mission by apollo 8 in1968, and six manned lunar landings between 1969 and 1972 , with the first being apollo 11. These missions returned over 380 kg of lunar rocks, which have been used to develop geological understanding of the moon's origins, the formation of its internal structure, and its subsequent history .It is thought to have formed some 4.5 billion years ago.After the apollo 17 mission in 1972 , the moon has been visited only by unmanned spacecraft , notably by the final soviet lunokhod  rover .since 2004, japan ,china, india , the united states, and the european space agency have each sent lunar orbiters.These spacecraft have contributed to confirming the discovery of lunar water ice in permanently shadowed craters at the poles and bound into the lunar regolith .Future manned missions to the moon have been planed,including government

pluto planet

Basic concept of pluto.
                                                                                                                                                         PLUTO :  On the basic of the law definition of planet given by the IAU, the world's top institution on space science research, leading astronomers participating in IAU' meet at prague on august 24, 2006, declared that pluto would no longer remain a planet .PLuto is the second largest know dwarf planet in the solar system. Weeks after it was demoted to a subplanetar status, pluto was given a new name to reflect its new status as a dwarf planet in semtember 2006.The former 9th planet was assigned the asteroid number 134340 by the minor planet centre, the official organisation responsible for collecting data about asteroids and comets in our solar system.  pluto's companion satellites, charon, nix and hydra are considered part of the same system and will not be assigned separate asteroid numbers. Instead, they will now be called 134340 1,11,111 respectively. Before loosing its planetary status on 24th august, 2006, pluto was the outermost planet of the solar system.

Neptune Planet

Basic concept of Neptune

Introduction :- 

 Neptune is the 8th planet of the solar system. The temperature on the surface of  neptune remains low. neptune is very similar to uranus and can be considered its twin-appears as greenish star. REVOLUTION : 165 yrs , ROTATION : 15.7 DAYS.It discovered by JG Galle of berlin in 1846. Neptune was the first planet found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Has 13 satellites prominent are Triton and Nereid.Neptune is surrounded by methene rings of subzero temperature

Uranus Planet

Basic concept of uranus :- 

Introduction :-

Uranus is about four times the size of the earth. this planet appears greenish in colour because of methane gas present in its atmosphere. Uranus was discovered in 1781 by sir William Hersiel. uranus is the 7th planet from the sun.  ROTATION : 10.8 hrs,REVOLUTION : 84 yrs
Surrounded by a system of 9 faint rings. Has 27th satellites prominent are miranda, ariel etc.                

Saturn planet

Basic concept of saturn.

                                                                                                                                                                   SATURN : Named after the Roman God Saturn,it is the sixth planet from the sun and the second                   largest planet in the solar system, after jupiter. REVOLUTION :29 yrs , ROTATION : 10.3 hrs.

Saturn has bright concentric rings which are made up of ice-covered dust particles which revolve around it.Titan,the satellite of saturn, is the largest satellite in the solar system .

Jupiter planet

Basic concept of jupiter.

JUPITER:- 5th Planet from the Sun and Jupiter is largest planet of the solar system.Jupiter is also known as winter planet as its average temperature is very low 148 degree centigrade. Jupiter is also called lord of heavens.Its Atmosphere contains hydrogen,helium, methane and amonia. A great red spot is detected on it. It represents a huge storm a super hurricane,existing for hunderd of years, without abating. ROTATION : It has fasted rotation time 9.8 hrs in the solar system. REVOLUTION
:12 yrs. It has 66 satellites prominent are  Io,europa, ganymede and callissto called galileo galilei in january 1610. ganymede is the largest satellite of the solar system.Jupiter has been explored on several occasions by robotic spacecraft most natably during the early pioneer and voyager missions and later by Galileo Orbiter. The recent probe to visit jupiter was the pluto-bound new horizons sacecraft in late february 2007.The probe used the grauity from jupiter to increse its speed.

Marsh planet

Basic concept of mars

MARS :- Also called red planet. Revolution-687 days, Rotation- 24.6 hrs. almost equal to Earth.

It has a thin atmosphere comprising of Nitrogen and Argon.The highest mountain here is named "nix olympia" which is three times higher than mount Everest.It has to satellites- Phobos and Deimos.

Venus planet

VENUS  Also called Earth's twin because it is slightly smaller than the Earth(500km less in  liameter). Popularly know as evening star and morning star.Brightest object after Sun and Moon.
Closest planet to Earth.It is the hottest planet in solar system, it is because of the green house effect as its atmosphere contains 90-95% carbon di oxide. The night and day temperatures are almost the same.Rotates backwards clockwise unlike others.Slowest rotation in solar system 257 days.Almost equal rotation and revolution 224.7 days.

Mercury planet

Basic concept of mercury.


  MERCURY    : Roman mythology has mercury is the god of import,roberry and tour.  It is the closest planet to the sun. ROTATION : 58.65 days, REVOLUTION: 88 days fasted revolution in solar system. Maximam diurnal range of temperature. its days are scorching hot and nights are frigid.It has no atmosphere and no satellite.It is a hot planet.Here has no water on it.Mercury has no gas .it has no protective blanket like ozone around it to prevent us from harmful radiations.Diameter of mercury planet  is 4878 km. It has no satellite.Only one spacecrapt has visited to the mercury.Mercury surface callled when a new nasa mission go to mercury.

Defination of planet

Basic concept of planet .

PLANETS  : in the year 2006 (IAU) The International Astronomical union redifined of "planet".The present definition States that in the Solar system, A planet is a Celestial Body .These are opaque bodies which continuously revolve around and are lighte0d by the Sun. A planet is in orbit around the sun.Has sufficient mass so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium shape.A non-satellite body full-filling the first two of these criteria is classified as a dwarf planet, whilst a non-satellite body full-filling only the first criterion is termed a small solar system body.The solar system consists of the Sun, the eight planet and their satellites or Moons and thousand of other smaller heavenly bodies such as asteroids, comets and meteors.According to the definition,there are currently eight planets and five dwarf planets know in the solar system.The five dwarf planets are pluto,ceres,eris,makemake and haumea. There are currently eight plnets and five drawf planets know in the solar system.The five drawf planets are pluto, ceres,eris, makemake and haumea.                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Planets are divided into two groups-large,low-density gas gaints and smaller,rocky terrestrials. under IAU definitions,there are eight planets in solar Mercury,venus,earth,mars,jupiter,saturanus,neptune ,

PLANETS ACCORDING TO SIZE : Jupiter,saturn,uranus,neptune,earth,venus,mars and mercury.                                                                                                                                

The sun

Basic concept of sun

THE SUN :It is one of the stars in the milky way galaxy. It takes 224 million years to complete one circle (Revolution ) around the galactric circle called Cosmic year.The sun is 109 times bigger than the earth and weights we see , is called photosphere. Above the photosphere is the chromosphere .Beyond chromosphere is the chromosphere is the corona which is visible during eclipses.The core of the sun has the temperature about 15 million degrees k. The sun is at the centre of the solar system and all this bodies are revolving around it.Its size is Thirteen lakh times as that of the Earth it is the nearest Star to the Earth.It is an ultimate source of energy for life on earth.its diameter is 14 lakh kms. it is composed of 71% hydrogen,26.5 helium and elemants. Hydrogen and helium are the main gases present in the sun .Within the sun,hydrogen is converted to helium due to nuclear fusion releasing a tremendous amount of heat and light.It has a surface temperature of about 6000 degree centigrade, the temperature at the centre is around 15,000000 degree centigrade.The sun constantly emitting streams of its substance as protons in all directions.Sometimes these emissions are massive.Such emissions are called prominences.Sometimes these emissions roll out of the atmosphere of the sun for thousands and thousands of miles, when they are seen as solar flares. A persistent stream of protons and electrons is blowing out of the corona and sweeping over the whole solar system.This stream is called solar wind.The earth's magnetosphere acts as a shield against the ever -blowing solar wind and deflects it away from the earth. Nevertheless ,particles of solar wind sometimes piercethe magnetic shield and enter the upper atmosphere, where, like the solar flares,theycause auroral displays.In the artic region, they are called aurora borealis and in the antarctic region, they are known as aurora australis.The surface of the sun changes continuously.Bright spots called plages and dark spots called sunsports occurthere. Sunspots appear dark because they are cooler,ie, they have a temperature of about 1500 degree c.Sunspots have a periodicity of 11 years.The energy of sun comes from the fusion of hydrogen into helium.Sunlight takes eight min,16.6 sec to reach earth.Ecliptic is an imaginary annual path of sun across the sky.It age is 5 billion years and the total life is ten billion years.                                                                                             

Star

Basic concept of star 

STAR : Clumps of dust and gas in a nebula come together due to their own gravity and from stars. There are millions of stars. Stars are made of hot burning gases. They emit light of their own. They are very large and very hot. Light takes about 4.3 years to reach us from the next nearest star proxima centauri.Brightest star outside our solar system is sirius,is also called Dog star.Star are self-luminous bodies that account for 98 percent of the material in the galaxy.The rest two percent consists of interstellar or galastic gas and dust in an attenuated form.Stars are formed by gravitational contractions from these vast clouds of galactic gas and dust .Star forming clouds are thousands of times denser than the normal interstellar gas.Star forming matter is richer in hydrogen and helium.A star's colour indicates the temperature of its surface.Blue colour denotes maximum temperature .Then comes yellow, then red, etc.The life of a star is spread over billions of years .It begins to formby compression of galactic gas and dust.Compression generates heat which in turn causes hydrogen to be converted into helium in nuclear  fusion, thereby emitting large amount  of heat and light .Continued nuclear fusion over a period of times starts depletion of hydrogen and the helium core becomes increasingly heavy, resulting into swelling and reddening of outer regions.Such   stars of  gigantic dimensions are termed as red giants.If the stars is of sun's size, its becomes a white dwarf. Their central density can reach up to ten degree grams per cubic cm.If the star is bigger than the sun but not more than twice as big.It will turn into a neutron star or pulsar.Their central density  is ten two the power fourteen grams per cubic cm.They are formed due to novae or super novae explosion.Stars having mass greater than three times that of the sun ,because of their great gravitational power , have contracted so much that  they have developed super density of 1016 grams per cubic cm. It is so dense that nothing , not even light ,can escape from its gravity and hence called "BLACK HOLE". 

Galaxy

Basic concept of galaxy.

GALAXY    : In 1805, Hershel made it clear that the solar system was a part of the much larger system of stars called galagy.Edwin hubble in 1924 first demonstrated existence of galaxies beyond  milky way. He proved that these galaxies are flying away from each other and that the farther they are, the faster they fly.this means that the universe is expanding like a balloon that is being blow up.               A galaxy is a vast system of billions of stars, which also contains a large number of gas clouds ( mainly of hydrogen gas ) and dust, isolated in space from similar systems.There are about 100 billion galaxies in the universe , and each galaxy has on an average 100 billion stars. so,the total number of stars in the universe is ten to the power twenty two stars. The milky way galaxy is the home of the earth and solar system. it is spiral in shape . Milky way galaxy was found five billion years after the big bang. Latest know is the dwarf galaxy. According to the modern thought , universe can be classified into two parts namely-atmosphere and space. Origin of the universe is explained by the big bang theory, is formulated and proposed by belgian astronomer and cosmologist Georges Lemaitre after his becoming acquainted with the findings of the american astronomers Edwin p. Hubble and Harlow shapely on the expanding universe .

BIG BANG THEORY :All the matter in the universe was originally concentrated in one lump called primeral atom.  Big bang was an explosion that occurred 15 billion years ago,leading to the formation of the galaxies of stars and other heavenly bodies.Since then, all the galaxies have been flying away from each other causing expansion  of the universe.                                                                                                               

Universe

Basic concept of universe .
                                                                                    

 UNIVERSE : Existing matter and energy are together know as universe.The study of universe is know as cosmology.Cosmology ( Origin Cosmos( = Universe) + Logos (=science ).Universe includes all the universal bodies and the complete solar family which  comprises sun, moon, planets, comets, planetoids etcsun,moon,planet etc.The universe or the cosmos, as perceived today, consists of millions of galaxies.A galagy is a huge congregation of stars held together by the force of gravity.In the ancient times , the knowledge about the universe was vague and confined to mystery and religious perceptions.In 140 AD,ptolemy propounded the theory that the earth was the centre of the universe and the sun and other heavenly bodies revolved around it. In 1543,copernicus argued that the sun and not the earth was the centre of universe.However, he still equated the universe with the solar system. kepler supported copernicus but said that the sun was the centre of the solar system and not the universe.Later, pulsating universe theory was given which says that universe periodically expands from the explosion of the primordial body, then contracts back and explodes again, over immensely long cycles,ad infinitum.                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Short question answer of planets

Some important question and answer of planets                                                                                                 

QUE 1 : What is the hottest planet  in our solar system ?

ANS    :  Venus.      

QUE 2 : What is the closest planet to the sun ?

ANS    :  Mercury.

QUE 3 : What is the smallest planet in our solar system ?

ANS    :   Mercury.

QUE 4 : What is the biggest planet in our solar system ?

ANS    :   Jupiter.

QUE 5 : What is the coldest planet in our solar system ?

ANS    :  Neptune.

QUE 6 : What is the name of the 2nd biggest planet in our solar system ?

ANS    :  Saturn.

QUE 7 : What planet is famous for its big red spot on it ?

ANS    :  Jupiter.

QUE 8 : What planet is famous for the beautiful rings that surrounded it ?

ANS     : Saturn.

QUE 9 : What planet is know as the red planet ?

ANS    :  Marsh.

QUE 10 : Earth is located in which galaxy ?

ANS       :  The milky way galaxy 15. sputnik.

QUE 11 : Phobos and Deimos are two satellite of which planet ?

ANS      :  Mars.

QUE 12 : What is the name of the first satellite sent into the space  ?
ANS      :  Sputnik.
QUE 13 : Titan is a satellite of which planet ?
ANS       :  Saturn.
QUE 14 : What is the name of Nasa's most famous space telescope ?
ANS       : Humble space telescope.
QUE 15 : Which satellite is the Biggest satellite ?
ANS       : Gannymede.
QUE 16 : Which satellite is the Smallest satellite ?
ANS      : Deimos.
QUE 17 :Which planet is called Blue planet ?
ANS       : Earth.
QUE 18 : Which planet is called Moring star ?
ANS       : Venus.
QUE 19 :Which planet is called Green planet ?
ANS       : Neptune.
QUE 20  :Which planet is called Evenin star ?
ANS        : Venus.
QUE 21 : Which planet is called earth's twin ?
ANS       : Venus.
QUE 22 : Which planet is the called lord of heavens ?
ANS       : Jupiter.
QUE 23 : Which planet is the heaviest planet ?
ANS        : Jupiter.
QUE 24  : Which planet is the hottest planet ?
ANS        :Venus.
QUE 25  :Which planet has maximum satellite ?
ANS        : Jupiter.
QUE 26  :Which star is brightest star after the sun ?
ANS        : Sirius.
QUE 27  : Which planet is the nearest planet to  earth ?
ANS        : Venus.
QUE 28 :  Which planet is the farthest planet from sun ?
ANS        : Neptune.
QUE 29 :  Which is called Dog star ?
ANS        :Sirius.

Solar system and Definition of Planet

BASIC CONCEPT OF SOLAR SYSTEM AND IMPORTANT SHORT QUESTION  ANSWER                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

OUR SOLAR SYSTEM : Our solar system consist of a star (sun), eight planes, Dwarf planets and countless fragments of left-overs called asteroids ,meteors, comets and satellites of the planets called small solar system bodies.



Origin of solar system  : Various theories have been given by different persons to explain the origin of solar system.  Gaseous hypothesis ----  Kant, Nebular hypothesis of ---  Laplace,
Planetesimal hypothesis ---  Chamberlin & Moulton,Tidal hypothesis ---  James jeans & Harold Jaffery, Binary star hypothesis --- H.N Russel, Fission hypothesis --- Ross Gun,Cepheid hypothesis --- A.C Banerji, Nova hypothesis --- Hoyle & Lyttleton, Electromagnetic hypothesis --- H.Alfven,Intersteller dust hypothesis --- Schmidt,Nebular cloud hypothesis --- Dr. Van Weizsacker, Protoplanet hypothesis--- G. kuiper ,                                                                                         
                                                                       


MERCURY  :It is the closest planet to the sun. ROTATION : 58.65 days, REVOLUTION: 88 days fasted revolution in solar system. Maximam diurnal range of temperature. its days are scorching hot and nights are frigid.It has no atmosphere and no satellite.It is a hot planet.Here has no water on it.Mercury has no gas .it has no protective blanket like ozone around it to prevent us from harmful radiations.Diameter of mercury planet  is 4878 km. It has no satellite.Only one spacecrapt has visited to the mercury.Mercury surface callled when a new nasa mission go to mercury.

VENUS  Also called Earth's twin because it is slightly smaller than the Earth(500km less in  liameter). Popularly know as evening star and morning star.Brightest object after Sun and Moon.Closest planet to Earth.It is the hottest planet in solar system, it is because of the green house effect as its atmosphere contains 90-95% carbon di oxide. The night and day temperatures are almost the same.Rotates backwards clockwise unlike others.Slowest rotation in solar system 257 days.Almost equal rotation and revolution 224.7 days.

URANUS : Uranus is about four times the size of the earth. this planet appears greenish in colour because of methane gas present in its atmosphere. Uranus was discovered in 1781 by sir William Hersiel. uranus is the 7th planet from the sun.  ROTATION : 10.8 hrs,REVOLUTION : 84 yrs

Surrounded by a system of 9 faint rings. Has 27th satellites prominent are miranda, ariel etc.               

MARS :- Also called red planet. Revolution-687 days, Rotation- 24.6 hrs. almost equal to Earth.

It has a thin atmosphere comprising of Nitrogen and Argon.The highest mountain here is named "nix olympia" which is three times higher than mount Everest.It has to satellites- Phobos and Deimos.

JUPITER:- 5th Planet from the Sun and Jupiter is largest planet of the solar system.Jupiter is also known as winter planet as its average temperature is very low 148 degree centigrade. Jupiter is also called lord of heavens.Its Atmosphere contains hydrogen,helium, methane and amonia. A great red spot is detected on it. It represents a huge storm a super hurricane,existing for hunderd of years, without abating. ROTATION : It has fasted rotation time 9.8 hrs in the solar system. REVOLUTION:12 yrs. It has 66 satellites prominent are  Io,europa, ganymede and callissto called galileo galilei in january 1610. ganymede is the largest satellite of the solar system.Jupiter has been explored on several occasions by robotic spacecraft most natably during the early pioneer and voyager missions and later by Galileo Orbiter. The recent probe to visit jupiter was the pluto-bound new horizons sacecraft in late february 2007.The probe used the grauity from jupiter to increse its speed.



SATURN : Named after the Roman God Saturn,it is the sixth planet from the sun and the second-largest planet in the solar system, after jupiter, REVOLUTION :29 yrs ,ROTATION : 10.3 hrs.Saturn has bright concentric rings which are made up of ice-covered dust particles which revolve around it.Titan,the satellite of saturn, is the largest satellite in the solar system .

URANUS : Uranus is about four times the size of the earth. this planet appears greenish in colour because of methane gas present in its atmosphere. Uranus was discovered in 1781 by sir William Hersiel. uranus is the 7th planet from the sun.  ROTATION : 10.8 hrs,REVOLUTION : 84 yrs
Surrounded by a system of 9 faint rings. Has 27th satellites prominent are miranda, ariel etc.               



NEPTUNE :Neptune is the 8th planet of the solar system. The temperature on the surface of neptune remains low. neptune is very similar to uranus and can be considered its twin-appears as greenish star. REVOLUTION : 165 yrs , ROTATION : 15.7 DAYS.It discovered by JG Galle of berlin in 1846. Neptune was the first planet found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Has 13 satellites prominent are Triton and Nereid.Neptune is surrounded by methene rings of subzero temperature.

PLUTO :  On the basic of the law definition of planet given by the IAU, the world's top institution on space science research, leading astronomers participating in IAU' meet at prague on august 24, 2006, declared that pluto would no longer remain a planet .PLuto is the second largest know dwarf planet in the solar system. Weeks after it was demoted to a subplanetar status, pluto was given a new name to reflect its new status as a dwarf planet in semtember 2006.The former 9th planet was assigned the asteroid number 134340 by the minor planet centre, the official organisation responsible for collecting data about asteroids and comets in our solar system.  pluto's companion satellites, charon, nix and hydra are considered part of the same system and will not be assigned separate asteroid numbers. Instead, they will now be called 134340 1,11,111 respectively. Before loosing its planetary status on 24th august, 2006, pluto was the outermost planet of the solar system.



 MOON : The moon is the only natural satellite of the earth ,and the fifth largest satellite in the solar system.It is the largest natural satellite of a planet in the solar system relative to the size  of its primary, having a quarter the diameter of earth and 1/81 its mass.Moon is the second largest satellite after Io, a satellite of jupiter .circumference of moon is 11,000 km.,diameter is 3475km ,gravitational pull is 1/6th of earth. Its orbit around earth is elliptical.The maximum distance of the moon from the earth is 406,000 km and the minimum distance is 364,000 km.The average distance is 3,82,200 km.takes 27 days,7 hours, 43 min and 11.47 sec to complete one revolution around earth.Rotates on its axis in exactly the same time as it takes to complete one revolution.That is why we see only one side of the moon.To our unaided vision, moon seems to be made-up of bright and dak patches.The bright parts are the mountains and highlands,while the darker patches are low-lying planes.The highest mountains, which are 10,660 m high.They are situated at moon's south pole.Moon has no atmosphere, no twilight and no sound . Moonlight takes 1.3 sec to reach earth .It has low albedo .It reflects only 7% and the rest is absorbed. NEIL AMSTRONG and BUZZ ALDRIN reached moon on july 21, 1969 .The moon is the only celestial body other  than earth on which humans have set foot.While the union's luna programme was the first to reach the moon with  unmanned space craft in 1959, the united states nasa apolo program achieved the only manned mission to date ,begining with the first manned lunar orbiting mission by apollo 8 in1968, and six manned lunar landings between 1969 and 1972 , with the first being apollo 11. These missions returned over 380 kg of lunar rocks, which have been used to develop geological understanding of the moon's origins, the formation of its internal structure, and its subsequent history .It is thought to have formed some 4.5 billion years ago.After the apollo 17 mission in 1972 , the moon has been visited only by unmanned spacecraft , notably by the final soviet lunokhod  rover .since 2004, japan ,china, india , the united states, and the european space agency have each sent lunar orbiters.These spacecraft have contributed to confirming the discovery of lunar water ice in permanently shadowed craters at the poles and bound into the lunar regolith .Future manned missions to the moon have been planed,including government
as well as privately funded efforts .The moon remains,under the outer space treaty, free to all nations to explore for peaceful purposes. 



Basic concept of sun

THE SUN :It is one of the stars in the milky way galaxy. It takes 224 million years to complete one circle (Revolution ) around the galactric circle called Cosmic year.The sun is 109 times bigger than the earth and weights we see , is called photosphere. Above the photosphere is the chromosphere .Beyond chromosphere is the chromosphere is the corona which is visible during eclipses.The core of the sun has the temperature about 15 million degrees k. The sun is at the centre of the solar system and all this bodies are revolving around it.Its size is Thirteen lakh times as that of the Earth it is the nearest Star to the Earth.It is an ultimate source of energy for life on earth.its diameter is 14 lakh kms. it is composed of 71% hydrogen,26.5 helium and elemants. Hydrogen and helium are the main gases present in the sun .Within the sun,hydrogen is converted to helium due to nuclear fusion releasing a tremendous amount of heat and light.It has a surface temperature of about 6000 degree centigrade, the temperature at the centre is around 15,000000 degree centigrade.The sun constantly emitting streams of its substance as protons in all directions.Sometimes these emissions are massive.Such emissions are called prominences.Sometimes these emissions roll out of the atmosphere of the sun for thousands and thousands of miles, when they are seen as solar flares. A persistent stream of protons and electrons is blowing out of the corona and sweeping over the whole solar system.This stream is called solar wind.The earth's magnetosphere acts as a shield against the ever -blowing solar wind and deflects it away from the earth. Nevertheless ,particles of solar wind sometimes piercethe magnetic shield and enter the upper atmosphere, where, like the solar flares,theycause auroral displays.In the artic region, they are called aurora borealis and in the antarctic region, they are known as aurora australis.The surface of the sun changes continuously.Bright spots called plages and dark spots called sunsports occurthere. Sunspots appear dark because they are cooler,ie, they have a temperature of about 1500 degree c.Sunspots have a periodicity of 11 years.The energy of sun comes from the fusion of hydrogen into helium.Sunlight takes eight min,16.6 sec to reach earth.Ecliptic is an imaginary annual path of sun across the sky.It age is 5 billion years and the total life is ten billion years.